第33章 地很瘦(2 / 2)

明朝大祸害 鹰隼展翅 1536 字 2022-06-04

龙岩峰叹气。难怪终大明一朝,皇帝们始终要为京师的粮食供应提心吊胆,守着千里沃野的黄淮大平原,却要仰仗漕运才能吃饱肚子。耕作技术如此落后,粮食能自给自足那才叫见鬼了!

他又跳下马,跑到农田里刨出一些泥土来看。农民冷眼看着,全然没有半点要阻止的意思。这些农民给他的感觉就是麻木,对生活全然燃不起半点热情,纯粹是为活着而活着。不过想想也是,换作是你拼死拼活一年,把所有心血都砸在自家田地里却仍然衣不蔽体食不果腹,你也没法再对生活燃起多少热情了。在这些农民眼里,他们也只有耕作这些庄田的权利而已,粮食歉收了他们日子难过,粮食丰收了他们不见得有份,所以管那么多干嘛?做一日和尚撞一日钟呗!

龙岩峰将泥土揉碎了细细的看,发现泥土里腐殖质很少。这意味着这些庄田的肥力很差,没有腐殖质的土壤根本就不能称之为土壤,只能说是泥土,甚至砂土,在砂土上是长不出茂密的庄稼的。

“你们平日里是怎样给土地施肥的?”他问。

老农民说:“有钱的就从粪夫那里买一些大粪施进田里当肥,没钱的就只好烧点草木灰撒进地里,能收多少粮食全看老天爷的脸色。”

龙岩峰问:“大粪贵不贵?”

老农民苦笑:“挺贵的呢,像老汉我,根本就买不起。”

历朝历代,在那些大城市里都有大量专门负责清理粪便的掏粪工,他们天还没亮便赶着车拉着大木桶上街,高声吆喝着“倒马桶”,挨家挨户的倒,装满了便运出城去卖给京郊的农民。这是京郊农民主要的肥料来源,就指着这个给庄稼施肥了。不过这些都是要钱的,而一桶粪多少钱完全是粪霸说了算,没有一定财力的农户根本就买不起。

没有化肥,连粪肥都施不起,粮食产量就可想而知了。

龙岩峰默不作声,一毗田一毗田的挖土,采样研究。杜松那货则在一边用关爱智障的眼神看着他,怀疑他脑子出了问题,一堆泥土有什么好看的?

他甚至认为如果不是有人在场,龙岩峰很可能要把泥土送进嘴里尝尝味道。

龙岩峰花了整整一天时间,把海淀皇庄的庄田土壤情况给调查了一遍,得出的结果不甚乐观:土壤里的腐殖质很少,肥力很差,这样的田就算种红薯都很难获得高产。要想获得高产就得先下大力气养田,增加土壤中的腐殖质,这无疑是比较花钱的,普通农民根本就出不起这个钱。

用地不养地,拼命消耗地力来获得产量,越种地越瘦,地越瘦产量就越少,而产量越少就越种,把每一寸能利用的土地通通都用上,直到土地盐碱化,再也长不出庄稼为止。

这纯粹就是一个恶性循环。

据统计,明代北方平均亩产量为一百三十五斤————注意,是斤!而且这个产量还是麦粟轮作才有,换句话说,明代北方的农民必须一年种两季粮食,一季小麦一季小米,平均亩产才能达到一百三十五斤,如果只种一季,那就有点惨了。北方的上田种小麦亩产能达到一百二十多斤,中田七八十斤,下田就惨了,三五十斤,而一个人在缺乏蛋白质和油脂的情况下饭量是大得惊人的,一天干掉一两斤多粮食很正常,一年下来,没个六百多斤粮食根本就填不饱肚子。可以想象,就这么点亩产量,一个农民得耕作多少土地才能勉强吃饱肚子,再加上各种苛捐杂税,想要吃饱就更加困难了。

这也是明朝皇帝始终无法在南方士绅集团面前硬气起来的原因。北方粮食产量有限,京津一带的粮食供应严重依赖南粮北运,南方士绅只要断了漕运,京城立马就得发生粮荒,这谁顶得住!?

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