第680章 开源节流(2 / 2)

1850再造中华 左茂行 1233 字 2023-10-30

肃顺接着说:“第二策,开征洋药税。洋药贸易量大,民间消费巨大。朝廷对洋药时禁时弛,没有定策。但总体上,地方督抚对洋药有逐渐放开之势,民间对洋药的需求量亦逐年增加。

“开征洋药税,一方面可以开辟税源,使利权收归朝廷。另一方面,征税有抑制洋药之效,征得越多,老百姓吸食不起洋药。久而久之,自有禁烟之效。”

洋药就是鸦片。关于弛禁鸦片的争论已经持续了几十年,从鸦片战争前一直持续到现在,至今没有定论,朝廷的态度也是模棱两可。

现在,鸦片已经完全蔓延到整个满清社会,近至通商口岸,远至西北边疆,上至大臣,下至小民,无不吸食鸦片。

就连咸丰本人,也染上了鸦片瘾,每天都要抽上几筒鸦片。

今天的御前会议上,懿贵妃慷慨陈辞,主战派群情激昂,咸丰也大受刺激。大敌当前,练兵筹饷才是最重要的。咸丰也最终作了决定:

“鸦片利权甚大,若不加征商税,一来丧失利权,二来助长鸦片流通。这样,把鸦片烟作为正税,正式予以征收,税率先定为两成。”

中华帝国早已严禁鸦片,取得了非常显著的效果。满清无力禁止鸦片,却想从鸦片贸易中征取重税,无异于饮鸩止渴!

肃顺所献开源之第三策,同样是饮鸩止渴:在全国推广厘金,税额定为一成。

厘金在满清行之已久,但只限于爆发战争的省份。当年,清军江南、江北大营首创厘金,两大营驻在江苏,只能在江苏特定府县征收厘金。

湘军人数接近三十万,大部分的军饷来自于厘金。曾国藩生前一度在名义上节制六省,实际上只能控制四省。湘军征收厘金,也只能在实控的四省征收厘金。

厘金对于增加财政收入非常明显,但朝廷之所以迟迟不愿将其推广,是因为肃顺等人深知厘金之弊:

第一,厘金抑制民间经济活力,给商民造成沉重负担;第二,征收厘金需要借助地方督抚,督抚掌握财权,容易造成尾大不掉的局面。

可如今,满清为了练兵筹饷,也顾不得这么多了。此外,南方各省告失,西南四川、云南、贵州等省也都不保。

满清尚能控制的省份,仅限于淮河以北,经济较南方落后。能够向朝廷供输粮饷的,仅剩陕西、山西、山东、直隶、奉天、乐浪(朝鲜北部)等少数省份。

咸丰同意了肃顺推广厘金的请求。肃顺见咸丰对他言听计从,颇为高兴,献计更加坦诚,说道:

“皇上,奴才以为,开源节流,要结合起来,才能切实整顿财政,增加朝廷收入。开源有三策,节流亦有两策,恳请皇上明察。

“第一,减免旗人粮饷,让旗人自谋生计。这方面,沈桂芬已经说过很多,也给出了对策。臣的建议是,如沈桂芬所请,尽快推行。

“旗人中的精壮,选入洋枪队,当兵吃粮。其余人等,鼓励他们到东三省、朝鲜、蒙古等地拓荒。政府可为其补贴农具、路费。

“第二,减少宫廷用度,非必要不兴起园工、陵工。后宫方面,也请皇上约束懿贵妃等,索取无度,终非皇上之福……”

咸丰从谏如流,说道:“裁撤旗营,实有必要。但此事不可操之过急,而应徐徐图之。军机上要有个通盘的考虑,以五年为期,逐步过渡,五年后完全裁撤冗余的旗人。

“后宫这边,朕自会约束他们。总之,现在局势艰难,咱们君臣应当同舟共济,共克时艰。”

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