第678章 周革汉命5(2 / 2)

公元951年正月初五,李太后将传国玉玺郑重地交给监国摄政的郭威,传诰令:

“邃古以来,受命相继,是不一姓,传诸百王,莫不人心顺之则兴,天命去之则废,昭然事迹,著在典书。”

——开头先定下基调:自古以来,天下就不是一家一姓的天下,皇帝都换了上百个了……不信你们翻翻典籍,看看历史书上写的,远看曹丕司马昭,近看朱温,对吧。

“……奸邪构乱,朋党横行,大臣冤枉以被诛,少主仓卒而及祸,人自作孽,天道宁论。”

——我们大汉要不得了,满朝是奸佞小人,拉帮结派,乌烟瘴气,忠臣含冤被杀,连皇帝都被小人弑杀了,自作孽不可活啊!这都是我们自己作的,千万不要指责郭威哟。

“监国威,深念汉恩……择继嗣于宗室。而狱讼尽归于西伯,讴谣不在于丹朱,六师竭推戴之诚,万国仰钦明之德,鼎革斯契……固以为幸。”

——郭威同志深感大汉恩德,始终忠于我刘氏,竭忠尽智地辅佐,为我大汉两朝元老,幼主遇弑后,还主动为大汉挑选合适的继承人,他对大汉的忠诚是大家有目共睹的。

这里用了个典故,“西伯”指的是周文王姬昌,“丹朱”是尧的儿子。《史记·五帝本纪》中记载“诸侯朝觐者不之丹朱而之舜,狱讼者不之丹朱而之舜,讴歌者不讴歌丹朱而讴歌舜。”意思是在尧统治末期,地方诸侯来朝觐的时候,不去拜见尧的儿子丹朱,却去拜见舜;要打官司的人不去找丹朱做主,而去找舜来裁决;文艺工作者不去宣传丹朱而去宣传舜。

意思很明显了,与开头的话相呼应,神器未必要父传子,而是有德者居之。如今郭威就像当年的舜帝,就像当年的周文王,得到了天下的普遍推戴,所以不管刘氏还有没有子嗣,都请靠边儿站,由郭威同志承继大统,这是人民的呼声,这是历史的潮流。

“今奉符宝授监国,可即皇帝位。”

——今天,哀家把传国玉玺交给郭威了,让他登基称帝。在诏书、制书、诰令、教令中,在官职、爵位、封号前,常见一个“可”字,也经常被误解,轻率地把它翻译成“可以”,实际这个“可”字在文言文中有很多解释,在这里的“可”字不用翻译,它只是一个表示被动的助词。

如果非要翻译的话,它的意思也绝不是仅仅表示同意、许可,而是应该更进一步,类似于一种命令,不是“你可以当皇帝”,而是“你必须当皇帝”。这么说有些矫枉过正,但我想表达的意思就是它比“可以”更进一步,比“必须”略退一步。

宣诰令的当天,郭威在崇元殿登基称帝,改国号为“周”,史称“后周”,改年号为“广顺元年”,大赦天下。

朱温篡唐的时候,尚且遵循了“禅让”的基本流程,比如天下各地奏报祥瑞、前朝封王爵、加九锡、群臣劝进、禅让,本人还要一而再、再而三地拒绝……虽然朱温是倍速播放,在程序上偷工减料,但大体的框架是完整的。

也正因篡位速度比较漫长,所以会在前朝享有王爵之位,篡权之后就可以用其封爵建国,如朱温在唐朝的爵位是“梁王”,故而改国号为“梁”。

从后唐开始,朝代的更迭由禅让变成了革命,也就由此放弃了漫长繁琐的禅让手续,而且篡权者越来越迫不及待,唯恐夜长梦多,只求速战速决。

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