546想要废除衍圣公(2 / 2)

宋至和二年1055年,太常博士祖无择上书仁宗皇帝:“按前史,孔子后袭封者,在汉魏曰褒成、褒尊、宗圣,在晋宋曰奉圣,后魏曰崇圣,北齐曰恭圣,后周、隋并封邹国,唐初曰褒圣,开元中,始追谥孔子为文宣王,又以其后为文宣公。不可以祖谥而加后嗣。“意思是:唐朝开元年间追封孔子谥号“文宣王“,而孔子后裔封爵“文宣公“,将其先祖孔子的谥号加在孔子后裔身上,不可以,应当纠正。《宋史?礼志·宾礼四》

宋仁宗采纳这个建议,“遂诏有司定封宗愿衍圣公,令世袭焉。“其诏文曰:“孔子之后以爵号褒显,世世不绝,其来远矣。自汉元帝封为褒成君以奉其祀,至汉平帝时封为褒成侯,始追谥孔子为褒成宣尼公。褒成,其国也;宣尼,其谥也;公侯,其爵也。后之孙虽更改不一,而不失其义。

至唐开元713年-741年中始追谥孔子为文宣而尊以王爵,封其嗣褒圣侯为文宣公。孔氏子孙去国号袭谥号,礼之失也盖自此始。朕稽考前训,博采群议,皆谓宜法汉之旧,革唐之失,稽古正名,于义为当。朕念先帝崇尚儒术,亲祠阙里,而始加至圣之号,务极尊显之意。肆朕纂临,继奉先志,尊儒重道,不敢失坠,而正其后裔嗣爵之号不其重欤!宜改至圣文宣王四十六代孙孔宗愿为衍圣公。“

公元11世纪中国宋王朝皇帝宋仁宗的“衍圣公“封号,官职品级虽不高,但文化含金量甚足。与以往的褒成、褒尊、宗圣、奉圣、崇圣、恭圣、褒圣等封号相比,“衍“寓意圣裔持续衍展、世代繁衍无止境,代表了封建帝王尊孔崇圣的至高境界。

“衍圣公“爵号问世后,女真人、蒙古人争相窃取借以笼络人心。公元12世纪宋、金、元政权各拥“衍圣公“,一在衢州、一在开封、一在曲阜。宋崇宁三年1104年,诏。本章未完!

546想要废除衍圣公

宣议郎孔端友袭封奉圣公大观年间1107年-1110年复改封衍圣公,为通直郎、直秘阁,仍许就任关升,以示崇奖。宋高宗绍兴二年1132年,以四十九代孙孔玠袭封衍圣公。其后,以搢、以文远、以万春、以洙,终宋世,皆袭封主祀事。13世纪元王朝统一中国版图后,蒙古族统治者试图收买宋衍圣公孔洙,孔洙运用儒家智慧全身而退。14世纪初元仁宗恢复曲阜孔氏嫡长孙袭封衍圣公爵号,确认“以嫡应袭封者思晦也“。《元史?列传·孔思晦》明王朝、清王朝均沿用此封号。

也是从孔端友以后,由于宋金元三朝并起纷争,使得孔子后裔册封出现了南宗和北宗。北宋后期,女真族南下,赵构渡江于临安建立了南宋政权。孔端友于建炎二年公元1128年随高宗南迁,遂寓于衢州今浙江省衢州,是为南宗。其后南宗袭封衍圣公的有孔玠、孔搢、孔文远、孔万春、孔洙等人。

宋廷南迁后,刘豫建立了伪齐政权,于阜昌三年公元1132年封孔端友的弟弟孔端操之子孔璠为衍圣公,主持曲阜孔庙祀事。伪齐政权被推翻后,金熙宗于天眷三年公元1140年继封孔璠为衍圣公,其后有孔拯、孔摠、孔元措等袭封衍圣公,是为北宗。

后因蒙古族起兵南下,孔元措随金政权迁往汴京,曲阜孔庙则由其族兄孔元用主持祀事。蒙古族占领曲阜,先后以孔元用、孔之全父子为衍圣公。这样,宋金元三朝并起,各有一个衍圣公。元太宗五年公元1233年,蒙古骑兵攻下金汴都,金封衍圣公孔元措被元政权所得,仍封孔元措为衍圣公,而改封孔之全止充曲阜令。北宗孔元措无子,由其弟孔元綋的孙子孔浈为嗣。孔浈于元宪宗元年公元1251年袭封衍圣公。后来,元政权先前所封衍圣公曲阜令孔之全之子孔治率孔氏族人上书皇帝,言孔浈不修祖祀,且非孔氏之宗,而系孔元綋的儿子孔之固侧室所生,且生母早已改嫁驱口李氏,孔浈曾随李氏姓李,不可为孔氏宗。宪宗二年公元1252年皇帝下诏免去孔浈衍圣公封号。其后相当一个时期没有任命新的衍圣公。公元1279年,南宋灭亡后,宋所封衍圣公五十二世孙孔洙归元。元朝统一,元世祖忽必烈于至元十九年公元1282年访查孔子后裔宗子,曾召孔洙至京师,孔洙让位于曲阜宗子,忽必烈对孔洙大加赏识曰:“乃真圣人后也。“于是命孔洙为国子监祭洒、承务郎兼提举浙东学校事,赐护持林庙玺书,免去衍圣公封号。.

此时,南北宗的衍圣公均被免职,十余年后,元成宗元贞元年公元1295年因孔之全长子孔治权奉祀事三十余年而奉诏袭封衍圣公。结束了长达一百多年的双宗并立。元仁宗延佑二年公元1315年,孔氏族人又上书皇帝,说孔治之子孔思诚是庶支。仁宗皇帝派大臣元明善调查,并亲取孔氏族谱查考,确定宗子继承人应该是孔思晦。孔思晦和孔思诚均为四十五代孔宗愿三子孔若愚的七世孙,孔思晦是四十九代孙孔拂长子孔元孝的嫡长孙,孔思诚是孔拂次子孔元用的嫡长孙,因此,元仁宗于延佑三年公元1316年罢黜孔思诚而以孔思晦袭封衍圣公,并授阶为中议大夫,列正四品。从此,衍圣公之位在此一脉中延续。

清顺治元年公元1644年,清世祖承认衍圣公在明代享受的全部特权,六十四代衍圣公孔衍植仍任衍圣公加太子太傅。@精华\/书阁*首发更新~~朝见时衍圣公仍列内阁大臣之上。

衍圣公与朝廷的密切关系,到乾隆时期达到巅峰,乾隆帝曾多次来曲阜,并颁御书“与天地参“、“时中立极“、“化成悠久“等匾额,重建棂星门,易木为石。对于乾隆帝与孔府的关系密切,多有猜测,包括七十一代衍圣公孔宪培的一品夫人于氏无后,与乾隆帝关系密切,孔府盛传于氏为乾隆帝之女。据考证,乃乾隆帝义女官臣于敏中之女。。本章未完!

546想要废除衍圣公

后于道光年间于孔府东路建有于氏的祭祀专祠沐恩堂。于敏中被罢官后,其后裔也多寄居孔府。

若是孔家不投降异族,也就罢了,但是历史上孔家可是太有眼色了,贵的太快了,这样家族被称之衍圣公还是百官的支柱想想都不寒而栗。。@精华\/书阁*首发更新~~

546想要废除衍圣公

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