第317章 盐政改革要两条腿走路(1 / 2)

大顺小吏 破贼校尉 0 字 2022-01-04

一艘漕船沿着运河,缓缓向北。

在船头上,站着三人,左边是岑国璋,右边是许遇仙,中间是王云,三人都穿着便服,看上去跟普通赶路的士子文人无异。

“老师,翰林兄...”

“益之,还是请唤我奉贤吧。”

叫奉贤干什么,翰林多好。许仙,许翰林,这名和字多般配。不过人家已经开口说了,岑国璋也不好说什么。

“老师,奉贤兄,我觉得要整饬改革漕运,肯定要把这运河走一遍,才好做到心里有数。”

王云转过头来,笑着问道:“你把淮东盐场都走了一遍,现在又收拢了数十万盐户,这盐政改革方略怎么又变了。”

岑国璋憨憨一笑,“计划没有变化快,我们可以两条腿走路,一条腿继续推行盐票法,谁足额纳税,都可以去盐场买盐贩盐。”

许遇仙在旁边笑道:“益之的票证法想得巧妙,尤其是一票三联,一联存在收税衙门,一联作为提盐凭证,留在盐场,一联作为合法贩运票据。收钱、提盐分开,手续简单,官吏能钻空子的机会少,且成本小,税银足,利国利民。”

“奉贤兄,再好的制度,运行久了,只要有人管着,都会给你找出漏洞来。所以好的管理制度,核心目标不变,但具体实施条款,要与时俱进。”

“哈哈,益之说得对。”

“益之,你说的盐政改革另一条路是什么?”王云追问道。

“老师,奉贤兄,六位大盐商,二十几位盐商吃得盆满钵满,根源在哪里?”

“假公肥私。”许遇仙毫不迟疑地答道。

“奉贤兄说得没错。我朝食盐价格里,官盐以每引二百斤盐核算,每引成本,也就是盐场卖出来的价格是六钱四厘银子。再加税银一两四钱,运费二两银子,总计四两银。正常情况下贩卖是每斤三十文左右一斤,两百斤是六千文。目前是一千二百文铜钱合一两银子,那就是合银五两左右。算下来是盈利两成。”

“私盐呢,成本变不了,因为除了盐户要活命,上下盐官还要吃一块,六钱银子是少不了。运费二两银子,也是固定的,漕运和其它转运社,路上的关卡,是只认钱的。唯独少得就是税银。成本算下来合计二两六钱。就算私盐只卖二十文,还有近三成的盈利。”

这时许遇仙插了一句,“可是市面上盐价不止这个价吧。”

“是的。官盐价格从太祖太宗皇帝时就定下来,每斤只要二十四文。实际上根本做不到,三十文一斤都买不到,里面还是掺沙子混黄泥。黔中那边,劣盐到百姓手里,每斤差不多近百文。私盐几经转手,实际也不止这点成本。市面上私盐一般在三十文到四十文每斤,但砂石很少,百姓们抢着买。”

王云和许遇仙点点头,等待岑益之继续往下说。

“老师,如果官盐能真正卖到二十四文一斤,还无沙无泥,谁还去买私盐?无利可图,谁还去贩私盐?”

王云捋着胡须没有做声,许遇仙连连摇头道:“这怎么可能?官盐的价格怎么可能卖得比私盐还便宜?”

“奉贤兄,官盐怎么就不能卖得比私盐便宜?”岑国璋反问一句。

“益之,那给我说清楚这里面的关窍。”

“奉贤兄,刚才我说了,官盐就三大块成本,产盐成本,税银,转运费用。我们一项项算。我在淮东盐场实地看过,盐官们为了控制产盐,提高价格,盘剥盐户,三分之二的盐是煮出来的。耗柴火费铁锅,产量低,成本高,盐户们更是苦不堪言。”

“其实真正用晒盐法,再把工艺好好改进完善,产量能提高五倍,成本降低一半。我和精通农工制造之法的赵应星算过,也在两个小盐场悄悄试验过。用新晒盐法,每两百斤的成本可以降低到两钱五厘银子左右。”

“盐价最大的成本在于转运费用。”

“我跟恒源通、隆利昌等商号的管事账房们合计过,他们每天成千上万的货品转运各地,这两年更是帮朝廷转运军用物资,成本怎么可能那么高。如果按照这些商号的转运成本算,每引盐的转运平均成本在一两四钱。“

这时许遇仙主动算了起来,“两钱五厘加一两四钱,就是一两六钱,再加税银一两四钱,正好是三两。嗯,如此算,比私盐的成本只高了四钱。可这四钱银子,每年这么多斤盐,算起来又是一个不可估算的数字。”

“奉贤兄,这转运费用其实还可以再往下压一压,一两到一两二钱左右。”

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