第276章 均瑶役、平算赋(1 / 2)

楚汉争鼎 寂寞剑客 0 字 2021-10-08

当下萧何问道:“白小哥以为,大汉该怎么推行变革呢?”

白墨并没有立即回答萧何的问题,而是反问萧何道:“萧国相以为,大汉国现在最匮乏的又是什么呢?”

萧何沉吟片刻后道:“白小哥是个明白人,本相也就不必虚言相欺了,大汉国目前缺钱缺粮更缺壮丁,不过归根结底,缺的还是人口!只要人口充足,钱粮税赋自然就会充足,可供征募入伍的壮丁也就不缺了。”

白墨轻轻击节道:“萧国相一语中的!”顿了顿,白墨又道:“所以,要想国富民强,诸如推行编户齐民律、田赋法那都是治标之举,只有奖励生育、积蓄人口那才是治本之道,大汉国若欲推行变革,当以此为突破口!”

萧何沉吟着道:“奖励生育,积蓄人口?”

“对,奖励生育,积蓄人口。”白墨说罢举起酒觞掩袖饮尽,又道,“不过,以今时之局势,大汉国要想真正做到这些,并不容易。”

萧何轻轻颔首,说道:“愿闻其详。”

白墨放下酒觞,又道:“今时之关中,土地田产大多掌握在世家、士族手中,数量庞大的黎庶百姓很多都是世家、士族的佃农,真正拥有自家耕地的自耕农其实并不多,而且所拥有的耕地也极为有限,可这些佃农、自耕农却承担着全部的瑶役、算赋以及田赋。”

萧何默默点头,白墨说的都是事实,关中沃野千里,良田上百万顷,至少有一半多掌握在各大世家以及大大小小的士族手中,只有不到一半的耕地属于自耕农,而这些只拥有不到一半耕地的自耕农却承担了大汉国全部的田赋!

还有那些租种世家、士族耕地的佃户和雇农,除了承担高额田租外,还要承担国家摊派的瑶役、更卒以及算赋(人头税),负担不可谓不重。

白墨扳着手指着细数道:“萧国相你看。自耕农以面积很小的耕地,除了要养活妻儿老小。还要缴纳田赋。算赋,还要服瑶役。还有更卒之累。这样的情形下,既便国相你奖励生育,可他们敢生么,需知多生一口,就要多缴一份算赋哪!”

萧何闻言默然,这种情形之下,黎庶百姓的确不敢多生,因为他们根本养不起。

白墨舒了口气,又道:“世人只知道战争是造成人口损失的一大诱因。孰不知繁重的瑶役、算赋以及田赋才是制约人口增长的主要因素!”顿了顿,白墨又道,“所以,大汉国要想获取更多的人口,更多的税源、兵源,就必须均瑶役、平算赋!”

“均瑶役、平算赋?!”萧何霍然色变,沉声道,“愿闻其详。”

白墨说道:“所谓均瑶役,就是将壮丁每年的瑶役折算成定额的银钱,这样一来,汉国壮丁就可以只缴纳定额的银钱,再不必有瑶役之苦了,国家如果需要大量壮丁用工时,则可以支付银钱从民间招募劳动力。”

“均瑶役如此,那么平算赋呢?”

“所谓平算赋,则就是废除算赋(人头税)。”

“算赋乃是国库最大的税源,如果骤尔废除,岂不令国库拮据?”

“诚然如此。”白墨点了点头,又道,“敢问国相,如今关中计有多少口?”

萧何不假思索地道:“如今关中四郡外加巴、蜀二郡,计有三百余万丁口。”

“好。”白墨伸出右手又竖起五根手指,道,“那就以五百万口做一个定额,然后将这五百万口应缴的算赋折算成银钱,连同瑶役一并折算进田赋之中,并重新量定田赋额度,同时规定无论世家士族,举凡耕地皆需纳赋,如此,大事遂矣。”

萧何悚然动容,道:“你是说,将瑶役、算赋都折算进田赋之中?”

白墨重重点头,道:“对,将瑶役、算赋折算进田赋之中,大汉国境内有多少田地,便有多少税源,国库收入多寡从此只跟田地多少有关,与人口多少却是再没有什么关联了,这样一来,制约人口增长的因素也就不存在了。”

“制约人口增长的因素一旦去除,再加上国家鼓励,黎庶百姓就敢放心生养了,人口一多,则必然要开垦更多的耕田以养活家人,如此一来,大汉国的耕地面积就会更多,大汉国的税源也会更多,这就进入了一个良性循环了。”

萧何得承认,白墨所描绘的前景的确很诱人。

方今天下,一个普遍的现实就是,广大黎庶百姓只拥有少量耕地,却承担了大部份的苛捐杂税,少数世家、士族拥有大量耕,却几乎不承担任何税赋,正因为此,黎庶百姓才不敢多生、不敢多养,因为他们生养不起。

如果白墨所说的均瑶役、平算赋能够顺利推行,则绝大部份税赋负担就会转嫁到少数世家、士族身上,广大黎庶百姓的负担就会大大减轻,再加上再不用缴纳算赋(人头税),若再有国家奖励,他们也就敢放心生、放心养了。

完全可以预见,届时大汉国的人口将会爆炸式增长!

伴随着人口的激增,大汉国的耕地面积也将会激增,如此一来,大汉国的税源、兵源也会激增,则最多五十年,大汉国的综合国力就能将关东各国远远地甩在身后,而这,可是连当初的强秦都未能做到的。

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