第章 慧眼识珠(1 / 2)

赵昺看罢折子,并没有立刻说话,而是陷入沉思。其所奏用现代市场经济学来审视,乃是一个基本常识:市场的归市场,道德的归道德,二者不可混为一谈。救荒本是官府的义务,以道德为说辞、以政策为准绳,强迫粮商和富户低价卖粮,看似是在做一件极好的事情,但实际效果往往会适得其反。

不过在赵昺看来这种思维并非现代社会才有,因为他记的这种意识早已见于《吕氏春秋》。在其“察微篇”中,记载了这样一个故事。

其实这个故事现代人也耳熟能详,说的是:鲁国出台一项政策,为在其他国家做奴隶的鲁国人赎身,可以用赎身凭据去官府报销拿钱。孔子的弟子子贡,是个很成功的商人,他给奴隶赎了身,却不去官府拿钱。孔子批评了这种做法。

圣人以为该拿的钱不拿,看似品德高尚,实则破坏了政策定下的契约。有子贡这种先例在前,其他人在给奴隶赎身时,就难免陷入一种两难困境。报销拿钱,会面临遭到鄙视的道德压力;不去报销,又会面临损失金钱的经济压力。为逃离这种两难,他们的选择将会是不赎人。流落在外的鲁国奴隶的命运,也就随之变得更糟。

赵昺知道以一些古人的做法,这则孔子故事,未必是真事。但撰写这个故事的作者,显然已经意识到了将政策契约人为抬高至道德高度,变成一种道德压力,往往并不可取,不但无助于解决问题,还会让问题变得更复杂、更麻烦。与孔子反对子贡不去报销,本质是相似的,都是基于对世情的深切洞察。

而由官府为粮商的运米船指定具体的销售地点,运米船经过税关时上报前往何地,抵达指定地点后找当地官府盖章,再拿盖了章的文件给税关核查。朝廷这样做的目的,是防止“奸商偷运它处,漫无稽查”。但是这么做可能会导致粮商无利可图,从而由积极变成了消极。

“汝提出的此议,可知会让朝廷陷入被动,被摘指为赈灾不利,视民如草芥。而朕也会遭到众臣的弹劾,受到万民的指责。汝此举是将朕和朝廷放在火上烤,到底是何居心!”赵昺抬眼看看静立阶前的张颂突然拍案冷声道。

“陛下,微臣不敢!”张颂却只是愣了下,面不改色地施礼道,“陛下,朝廷放开限制,由商贾运粮进入灾区,看似朝廷救灾不利,其实却有利于平息粮价,且又使得朝廷剩下运粮的开支,实是利国利民之举!”

“若是朝廷不尽快运粮进入灾区,限制粮价,任由粮商囤货居奇,抬高粮价,会有多少灾民因为食不果腹,被迫离乡,届时流民涌向临近州县,从而引发动乱,这难道就是汝所言的利国利民吗?”赵昺厉声呵斥道。

“陛下,请听微臣详禀!”张颂并没有因为皇帝的不悦而胆怯,拱手言道,“本朝自重新收复江南以来,风调雨顺,粮食丰产。去岁又是丰年,官仓丰盈,常平仓有余,乡里已建起义仓。而两淮新收之地,经过朝廷年余的经营,兴修水利,开垦荒田,虽比不上江南丰足,但也自给有余!”

“因此我朝当下并非缺粮,如今蝗灾初发,也仅是几个州府,周边并未发现灾情。一旦成灾,粮食涨价,临近州县的粮商便会闻声而至。而我朝水路通达,交通便利,稍后江南粮商也会纷至沓来,大量粮食的涌入,粮价就会得到抑制。这比之朝廷从各处粮仓调粮,要有效的多!”

“此外,朝廷免去了两淮大部州府的税赋,并出资为移民建屋,购置农具,发放补贴,田中产出皆归百姓。因而百姓并非所想的那样贫苦,家中还有余粮,手中亦有余钱,足以应对粮价短期的波动。只要朝廷对赤贫者加以赈济,就不会形成流民潮,导致动乱。”

“听着却有些道理,但是只凭你一言,又怎能取信于人!”赵昺微微颔首,他知道其作出的判断是基于江南商品经济的发达,粮食总量比较充裕,商业信息的传播比较充分及发达的漕运体系而言。而这也是事实,他心中已经有了计较,可还想试探一下。

“禀陛下,此策并非臣异想天开,而是早有先例。”张颂再答道,“早在前唐卢坦治理宣州时,江淮大旱,导致米价大涨,有人劝卢坦用政策压制米价,卢坦回应说:宣州本地产米不足,主要靠外地运米进来,如果压制米价,米商就不会运米进来了,如此,市场上无米可卖,米价低又有何用?而不压制米价的结果,是商人舟米以来者相望。”

“且本朝范公文正知杭州时逢当地出现饥荒,市场谷价涨至每斗百二十文,其反其道而行之,不仅没有限制粮价,反将粮价提升至每斗百八十文,商贾闻之,晨夕争先惟恐后,粮食源源而来,市场粮价也随之下落;另包公孝肃知庐州时,当地发生饥荒,其亦不限米价,而商贾载至者遂多,不日米贱。绝非微臣胡言乱语!”

“赐座!”赵昺听罢,脸色一缓笑笑道,“看来汝在临安待罪年余,并非是蹉跎岁月,荒废了时光,还是想了些事情的。”

“谢陛下,微臣不敢居功,此策不过是拾前人牙慧而已!”张颂却是一怔,再施礼道。

“哦,此话怎讲?”赵昺愣了下道。

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